Revolution in Art, a review of “Reflections” at the British Museum

Huda Lutfi (b. 1948), Al-Sitt and her Sunglasses. Mixed media, 2008. Funded by CaMMEA.

14 FEBRUARY 2021 • By Malu Halasa

Reflections—Contemporary Art of the Middle East and North Africa, edited by Venetia Porter, with Natasha Morris & Charles Tripp
British Museum Press, 1st Ed
ISBN 978-0714111957

Malu Halasa

 

Issam Kourbaj, Dark Water, Burning World , 2017. Bicycle mudguards and burnt matches. H: 3 cm W: 5 cm L: 14 cm (average). Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Issam Kourbaj, Dark Water, Burning World, 2017. Bicycle mudguards and burnt matches. H: 3 cm W: 5 cm L: 14 cm (average). Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

 

In 2000, ten years after the end of the Civil War, Lebanese artists bristled at foreign critics and curators who tried exoticizing them under the banner of “Arab” or “Islamic” art. At the time regional curators were starting to emerge in Beirut, Cairo and Jerusalem, but few Western museums were collecting contemporary Middle Eastern art, and it would be many years before multinational museums emerged in the Gulf. If modern artworks were acquired, as they were in the 1980s by the British Museum, they were overshadowed by the museum’s more extensively displayed collections of Islamic art and objects. This changed with the 2011 Arab Spring or Awakening, with art in the frontline, using satire and stark imagery against corruption, misrule and state brutality.

Reflections—Contemporary Art of the Middle East and North Africa, edited by the museum’s Middle East curator Venetia Porter, with Natasha Morris and Charles Tripp, introduces a selection of the 170 Arab, Iranian and Turkish artists and artworks in the British Museum’s contemporary Middle East collection. Richly illustrated, the book elucidates the journey the art and artists have made from their respective art scenes and countries to international collections. Some of the artists remained at home in their respective countries; others are working in exile, or in the diaspora. Recognition has been a long time in coming. In the spring, the contemporary collection will be exhibited for the first time in the British Museum.

One of the collection’s prescient works, Dark Water, Burning World, 2017, by Issam Kourbaj (b. Suweida, Syria, 1963) was recently installed as Object 101 in the BBC Radio 4 series, History of the World in 100 Objects. Kourbaj, who lives in Cambridge, fashioned a flotilla of little boats from bicycle mudguards. Each one carries a cargo of burnt matchsticks. The work was created during the height of the arguably not totally over migrant refugee crisis.

Porter, who has been with the British Museum since 1989, explained to the BBC, “It’s so important for us as a museum … to collect works like this because they are documenting moments in time. It’s as though art is also a document. But by saying ‘document’ it renders [art] sterile. It doesn’t.”

She concluded, “It’s that [art] has that ability to speak to us in so many different ways.”

Hafidh al-Droubi, Drunken Friend in the Alwiya Club Garden , 1976. Watercolor on paper. H: 55 cm W: 22 cm. Reproduced by permission of the estate of the artist.
Hafidh al-Droubi, Drunken Friend in the Alwiya Club Garden, 1976. Watercolor on paper. H: 55 cm W: 22 cm. Reproduced by permission of the estate of the artist.

 

Art Versus Religion

Reflections opens with art that challenges long held assumptions about Middle Eastern visual culture. An Islamic proscription against representation gave rise to the belief that human form in art from Muslim countries was somehow forbidden, despite traditions of Persian miniature painting and Byzantine influences from the earliest days of Islamic art and architecture, which suggested otherwise.

To his parent’s dismay, Iraqi modernist Hafidh al-Droubi (b. Baghdad, 1914–1991) would draw people as a child. In the collection, his work captures the pomp and circumstance of a Ba’ath Party procession—as well as solicitude in the watercolor Drunken Friend in the Alwiya Club Garden, 1976.

Safeya Binzagr (b. Jeddah, 1940) from Saudi Arabia studied printmaking in 1970s London and filled a notebook with pencil sketches of faces for an etching she was making at Central St. Martins. Her tutors wondered whether this art practice could continue after she returned to her religiously conservative home. Now Darat Safeya Binzagr, her private gallery in Jeddah, exhibits portraiture and offers drawing classes.

Both artists had been influenced by modern approaches in art from the West. In the introductory essay for Reflections, Porter cites oil and canvas, sculpture and printed image, among other mediums, as constituting “a clear rupture with [the region’s] traditional or historical Islamic art … ” that had been rooted in calligraphy, geometric abstraction and less figurative or representational work.

Iranian art historian Fereshteh Daftari had been an early proponent of rethinking the use of the word “Islamic” to describe Middle Eastern artists or their art. The term “the Arab world” was also problematic, and not just for the artists in Reflections from Iran and Turkey. How could a blanket expression encompass the wide-ranging experiences of artists who happened to live in or came from the 22 member states of the Arab League?

Safeya Binzagr, The Blind Teacher , 1980. Etching and drypoint, numbered 15/30. H: 31.5 cm W: 46 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Safeya Binzagr, The Blind Teacher, 1980. Etching and drypoint, numbered 15/30. H: 31.5 cm W: 46 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

An important debate was taking place within the British Museum, as Porter writes, “whether the modern and contemporary art should be considered another phase in the story of Islamic art … ” or whether ” … the fact that artists may choose to express themselves through forms and techniques associated with historical ‘Islamic art’ does not necessarily make their art ‘Islamic.'”

Parastou Forouhar, Red Is My Name, Green Is My Name I, 2008. Digital prints on Hahnemühle rag paper, Artist's Proof ½. H: 80 cm W: 80 cm (each). Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Parastou Forouhar, Red Is My Name, Green Is My Name I, 2008. Digital prints on Hahnemühle rag paper, Artist’s Proof ½. H: 80 cm W: 80 cm (each). Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

The turning point for the institution came in 2006 with an exhibition she curated. Word into Art: Artists of the Modern Middle East showed that the artists had deep aesthetic and cultural ties to calligraphy. However, as Porter points out, “the forms of the script could be taken beyond their literal meaning, and in many of the works, the writings themselves could be read as commentaries on the histories and politics of today.”

Finally there was recognition that these artists, unhinged from the mantel of religion, constituted a powerful modern movement in their own right. This would be a critical development in the creation of a viable contemporary collection for an institution long considered a museum of history, one with a significant legacy of colonialism.

In Reflections, Parastou Forouhar (b. Tehran, 1962) plays with the deliberate ambiguity of imagery for the four digital prints, Red Is My Name, Green Is My Name—Karree, 2007. The abstracted colors of the Iranian flag and a geometric grid don’t disguise the body parts. The artist’s parents Dariush and Parvaneh Forouhar were assassinated during the 1998 campaign of violence against intellectuals in Tehran. This was another example of “art as document” that Porter referred to on the BBC.

 

Every Home Should Have One

Works on paper make up most of the art in Reflections. Among the exceptions, which include artists’ books and Kourbaj’s boats, is the darkly humorous, hand painted glazed porcelain Chinese vase. It is one of three collected by the museum from the series Yassin Dynasty, 2013, by the conceptual artist Raed Yassin (b. Beirut, 1979).

Original drawing for the vase, by Omar Khouri from the archive of Raed Yassin. Courtesy Kalfayan galleries, Athens.
Original drawing for the vase, by Omar Khouri from the archive of Raed Yassin. Courtesy Kalfayan galleries, Athens.

 

Raed Yassin, Yassin Dynasty , 2013. Hand-painted glazed porcelain. H: 44 cm W: 26 cm. Courtesy the artist and Kalfayan gallery, Athens.
Raed Yassin, Yassin Dynasty, 2013. Hand-painted glazed porcelain. H: 44 cm W: 26 cm. Courtesy the artist and Kalfayan gallery, Athens.

The timelessness of the vase’s traditional blue and white Willow Pattern jars with the almost televisual imagery of modern war. Syrian MIGs encircle the neck of the globular vase. On its body, armed Syrian soldiers face off against Lebanon’s General Aoun. Refugees emerge out of their UNWRA tents to scour the skies.

Reflections also includes the original drawing made for vase by Lebanese illustrator Omar Khouri (b. 1978), which was copied by porcelain craftsmen in Jingdezhen.

Yassin told curator Nat Mueller for Ibraaz that, “By putting …  a very sensitive issue like the Lebanese Civil War … on decorative items, I get rid of it, in a way—it becomes like a vase, for the house. I want to have this vase in every house, so everybody could just get rid of it. I just want to get rid of the issue, make it more like a decorative, throw-away item.”

Yassin’s vases and Forouhar’s digital prints were acquired for the museum by CaMMEA (Contemporary and Modern Middle Eastern Art), an acquisitions group formed by art patrons from Iran, Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the U.A.E. CaMMEA has worked closely with Porter since 2009 and has provided most of the financial support for the contemporary collection. It also covered artists’ fees and the costs of printing for digital artwork by new generation Syrian artists, from the book Syria Speaks, which I coedited, and which traced the creative outpouring of the Syrian Revolution.

The posters by the anonymous Syrian collective Alshaab alsori aref tarekh (The Syrian People Know Their Way) and the illustrations of Sulafa Hijazi (b. Damascus, 1977) are art of revolution and popular political movements. The posters, produced during the 2011–12 mass demonstrations against Bashar al-Assad, were disseminated online, then downloaded, printed out and carried on marches by demonstrators—art as social commentary in a very charged contemporary setting.

In Damascus, Hijazi too was in the streets. People she knew had been arrested. Worried for her own safety, at night after she worked on her illustrations; she hid them deep in her computer where no one could find them. Her images shock in a different way. Instead of memorializing scenes of a war long passed in the art, violence has permeated the fabric of everyday life. At the wedding in one of Hijazi’s prints, a bride and groom wear gasmasks.

In the book’s chapter on Political Struggle, Revolution and War, the artists have been grouped by geography. This allows a younger artist like Hijazi to converse through imagery and content with a more experienced Syrian artist. Youssef Abdelke (b. Qamishli, 1951) is no stranger to totalitarianism. Imprisoned in the 1970s, he was released and he lived many years in exile. His much-heralded return to Syria in 2005 was considered as a thaw in the Assad dictatorship. In 2013, he was disappeared again, this time for five weeks, after which he was suddenly, inexplicably released. His pastel and collage Figures (No. 2), 1991–93 of monstrous men lurking in the shadows is chilling.

 

Gender, Another Battlefield

Iranian photography in the chapter on the Female Gaze meets on the indices of history, faith and pop art. A 1979 black-and-white photograph of a protesting woman hectoring a mullah on the last day before the enforced wearing of the hijab, by Hengameh Golestan (b. Tehran, 1952) and an artist’s self-portrait in contemplation and prayer from the series Women of Allah, 1995, by Shirin Neshat (b. Qazvin, Iran, 1957), provide counter blasts to the photo collage Bad Hejab, 2008, by Ramin Haerizadeh (b. Tehran, 1975).

Haerizadeh took Internet images of women rebuked or arrested for not covering their hair and superimposed his bearded face over theirs. It is an image that could be construed as representing the nameless men who harass women every day on Iranian streets. The effect is both comical and enraging.

“For female artists,” writes Charles Tripp in his essay Art and Power, “questions of gender, tradition and faith informed many of their works as they sought individually to understand the place of Islam in their lives and the forces that used religion or the appeal to tradition to circumscribe their lives as artists and as women.”

Youssef Abdelke, Figures (No. 2) , 1991–93. Pastel and collage on paper. H: 145 cm W: 105. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Youssef Abdelke, Figures (No. 2), 1991–93. Pastel and collage on paper. H: 145 cm W: 105. Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

He continues, “Inevitably, this brought them up against forms of power and censorship, driving some into exile, a fate they shared with male artists when they too drew attention to the ways in which state authorities used Islamic justifications to keep women (and men) in their place.”

Tripp, an academic, is known for his books on Middle East politics and government. Despite being married to Porter, he came late to art, after the Arab Spring.

Some of the artists in Reflections provide a more theoretical critique on the optics of moral combat. Iman Raad (b. Mashhad, Iran, 1979) was inspired by the folk art of Persian coffee shops; the animal fables of Kalila wa Dimna (translated from Sanskrit into Pahlavi and then into Arabic, in the eighth century); and George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Hand-carved stamps were used to create two opposing armies of divs, or mythological creatures, on a seemingly one-dimensional field of battle influenced by from the monochromatic flatness of nineteenth-century Qajar-era lithography. It is another telling subversion of an older art form.

In combat, the artist told Porter, ” … there is no clear binary of good and evil.” An over-emphasis on the winners and losers of Middle East conflicts effectively obscured the people on the ground. This was the main reason that foreign governments, Middle East watchers and academics completely failed to predict the Arab Spring. Since then, not only has there been more of an appreciation of MENA art in the West, more attention is now being paid to art, artists, even street artists, in the region. Twenty years ago, when those Lebanese artists were complaining, there were only a few homegrown initiatives supporting them. Now NGOs like AFAC (Arab Fund for Arab Culture) and the Beirut Art Center have changed the cultural scene.

 

Sulafa Hijazi, Untitled , 2012 (from the series Ongoing). Digital print on archival. Paper. H: 60 cm W: 70 cm. Courtesy Sulafa Hijazi and Malu Halasa.
Sulafa Hijazi, Untitled, 2012 (from the series Ongoing). Digital print on archival. Paper. H: 60 cm W: 70 cm. Courtesy Sulafa Hijazi and Malu Halasa.

 

History & Art

A timeline in Reflections juxtaposes political history with specific arts milestones. Bookended by hope—Iran’s 1905 Constitutional Revolution and the 2019–20 forced resignation of Algeria’s president Abdelaziz Bouteflika—it shows that in between wars, genocide, forced migrations and military coups, contemporary art seeded itself in the MENA region.

The first art schools opened in Jerusalem, Cairo and Tehran under colonialism, in the early 1900s. By 1931, Cairo had the region’s first contemporary art museum. Fine art academies followed in Lebanon and Iraq at the end of that decade. In 1951 the Baghdad Modern Art Group was launched. For the newly independent countries, art was perhaps not a priority; but still, by 1959 a faculty of fine arts was established in Damascus.

By then Iran had already pulled ahead in terms of contemporary art production. The first art biennial took place in Tehran, five years after a U.S. and U.K.-backed coup removed Mohammad Mosaddegh from power. Sixteen years later, in 1974, the Arab Biennial was held in Baghdad. Nearly two more decades passed before the Sharjah Biennial took place in 1993.

After the national museum and library of Iraq were looted during the U.S.-led military overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003, London slowly emerged as another center for Middle East art. Since then politics has outpaced art. However, a global art movement aided by the Internet and fueled by a proliferation of regional biennials and international museums and art auctions and sales allow some artists to live and work wherever they are.

Mitra Tabrizian, to take one example from Reflections, resides in London. The artist’s second proof of Surveillance, 1990, a 20 x 60 inch black-and-white collage photograph, explores key moments in the formation of the modern Islamic Republic of Iran. Facing the viewer, instead of the million-strong audience behind them, ten people stand on a highly stylized stage. On the left, two men in Western suits come to an understanding, watched by a mullah, in a scene representing the U.S.–U.K. coup against Mosaddegh.

Hengameh Golestan, Witness '79 , 1979, printed 2015. Black-and-white photograph printed on Epsom. Exhibition fiber paper, numbered 2/10. Reproduction courtesy of the artist.
Hengameh Golestan, Witness ’79, 1979, printed 2015. Black-and-white photograph printed on Epsom. Exhibition fiber paper, numbered 2/10. Reproduction courtesy of the artist.

 

On the far right a cleric shakes hands with another man in a suit, symbolizing Khomeini’s 1979 return to Iran. In the center is an allegory for Iran’s eight-year-long war with Iraq. A woman is prone on the ground, face to the floor. Behind her, another woman in an abaya gazing off to the far distance stands resolutely on a plinth with these words: “In His name memory is mute. History speaks in the quickening of the dead.” In Surveillance, decades of Iranian history have been collapsed into a single frame.

Photography remains a medium of immense power and strange beauty in Middle Eastern art.

In the series Negative Incursion, 2002, Palestinian Rula Halawani (b. Jerusalem, 1964) printed the negatives of her photographs as “positives,” after an Israeli incursion into Ramallah. She explained to InVisible Culture’s Sherena Razek, “As negatives, they express the negation of our reality that the invasion represented.” Another artist, Kurdish Jamal Penjweny (b. Sulaimaniya, Iraqi Kurdistan, 1981) addresses a continuing legacy of violence and cruelty in his country of Iraq. For his series Saddam Is Here, 2010, Iraqis hold a photograph of the dictator’s face to their own. Is it an admission of victimhood or of guilt or has Saddam literally gotten into our heads, long after he’s gone?

The art in Reflections provides no easy answers, even in an artwork about family and love.

Laure Ghorayeb, Already Ten Years , 1984. Ink on paper. H: 95 cm W: 73 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Laure Ghorayeb, Already Ten Years, 1984. Ink on paper. H: 95 cm W: 73 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

Two figures, a mother and daughter huddle together, their round expressive faces and bodies a landscape filled with tiny drawings and colloquial Arabic, the language of home. It is the story of 20th-century war in Lebanon. The conflict that has dominated the child’s life is the country’s civil war, inferred in the title of the pen and ink drawing, Already Ten Years, 1984, by Laure Ghorayeb (b. Deir El Qamar, 1931). The mother remembers fleeing with her own parents during the second world war and the aunts who starved to death during the first, so others could live.

The art in Reflections is unexpectedly beautiful even when it disturbs. The courage of the artists to remember, shock and create in original ways adds tension and urgency to their work. Even in the darkest art there are rays of hope. Reflections makes me want to see the British Museum’s contemporary Middle East and North African collection up close and in person—more so now because of the pandemic.

 

Shirin Neshat, From the Women of Allah series, 1995. Gelatin silver print with handwritten calligraphy in ink. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Shirin Neshat, From the Women of Allah series, 1995. Gelatin silver print with handwritten calligraphy in ink. Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

Ramin Haerizadeh, Bad Hejab, 2008. Photo collage, ink and pastel on handmade watercolor paper, numbered 4/8. H: 30 cm W: 42 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Ramin Haerizadeh, Bad Hejab, 2008. Photo collage, ink and pastel on handmade watercolor paper, numbered 4/8. H: 30 cm W: 42 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Iman Raad, Untitled , 2015. Relief ink on washi paper. H: 50.8 cm W: 40.6 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.
Iman Raad, Untitled, 2015. Relief ink on washi paper. H: 50.8 cm W: 40.6 cm. Reproduced by permission of the artist.

 

Mitra Tabrizian, Surveillance , 1990. Lightjet print on paper, Artist's Proof. H: 51 cm W: 152.5 cm. Reproduced courtesy of the artist. Photo: Courtesy Mitra Tabrizian.
Mitra Tabrizian, Surveillance, 1990. Lightjet print on paper, Artist’s Proof. H: 51 cm W: 152.5 cm. Reproduced courtesy of the artist. Photo: Courtesy Mitra Tabrizian.

 

Rula Halawani, From the series Negative Incursion , 2002. Photographic print on metallic digital paper. H: 86 cm W: 119 cm. Courtesy of the artist Rula Halawani and the Ayyam Gallery.
Rula Halawani, From the series Negative Incursion, 2002. Photographic print on metallic digital paper. H: 86 cm W: 119 cm. Courtesy of the artist Rula Halawani and the Ayyam Gallery.

 

Jamal Penjweny, Saddam Is Here , 2010. Photographic prints, numbered 4/5. H: 60 cm W: 80 cm (each). Reproduced by permission of the artist. Photo: Courtesy Jamal Penjweny and Ruya Foundation.
Jamal Penjweny, Saddam Is Here, 2010. Photographic prints, numbered 4/5. H: 60 cm W: 80 cm (each). Reproduced by permission of the artist. Photo: Courtesy Jamal Penjweny and Ruya Foundation.

 

Malu Halasa

Malu Halasa is the Literary Editor at The Markaz Review. A London-based writer, journalist, and editor with a focus on Palestine, Iran, and Syria. She is the curator of Art of the Palestinian Poster at the P21 Gallery, as part the Shubbak:... Read more

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“The Followers”—a short story by Youssef Manessa

3 DECEMBER 2023 • By Youssef Manessa
“The Followers”—a short story by Youssef Manessa
Art & Photography

War and Art: A Lebanese Photographer and His Protégés

13 NOVEMBER 2023 • By Nicole Hamouche
War and Art: A Lebanese Photographer and His Protégés
Art

Mohamed Al Mufti, Architect and Painter of Our Time

5 NOVEMBER 2023 • By Nicole Hamouche
Mohamed Al Mufti, Architect and Painter of Our Time
Books

World Picks from the Editors: Oct 28 – Nov 10

27 OCTOBER 2023 • By TMR
World Picks from the Editors: Oct 28 – Nov 10
Art & Photography

Middle Eastern Artists and Galleries at Frieze London

23 OCTOBER 2023 • By Sophie Kazan Makhlouf
Middle Eastern Artists and Galleries at Frieze London
Books

Edward Said: Writing in the Service of Life 

9 OCTOBER 2023 • By Layla AlAmmar
Edward Said: Writing in the Service of Life 
Theatre

Lebanese Thespian Aida Sabra Blossoms in International Career

9 OCTOBER 2023 • By Nada Ghosn
Lebanese Thespian Aida Sabra Blossoms in International Career
Books

The Contemporary Literary Scene in Iran

1 OCTOBER 2023 • By Salar Abdoh
The Contemporary Literary Scene in Iran
Books

Fairouz: The Peacemaker and Champion of Palestine

1 OCTOBER 2023 • By Dima Issa
Fairouz: The Peacemaker and Champion of Palestine
Fiction

“Kaleidoscope: In Pursuit of the Real in a Virtual World”—fiction from Dina Abou Salem

1 OCTOBER 2023 • By Dina Abou Salem
“Kaleidoscope: In Pursuit of the Real in a Virtual World”—fiction from Dina Abou Salem
Book Reviews

The Mystery of Enayat al-Zayyat in Iman Mersal’s Tour de Force

25 SEPTEMBER 2023 • By Selma Dabbagh
The Mystery of Enayat al-Zayyat in Iman Mersal’s Tour de Force
Books

“Sadness in My Heart”—a story by Hilal Chouman

3 SEPTEMBER 2023 • By Hilal Chouman, Nashwa Nasreldin
“Sadness in My Heart”—a story by Hilal Chouman
Essays

They and I, in Budapest

3 SEPTEMBER 2023 • By Nadine Yasser
They and I, in Budapest
Essays

A Day in the Life of a Saturday Market Trawler in Cairo

3 SEPTEMBER 2023 • By Karoline Kamel, Rana Asfour
A Day in the Life of a Saturday Market Trawler in Cairo
Books

Books That Will Chase me in the Afterlife

14 AUGUST 2023 • By Mohammad Rabie
Books That Will Chase me in the Afterlife
Film

The Soil and the Sea: The Revolutionary Act of Remembering

7 AUGUST 2023 • By Farah-Silvana Kanaan
<em>The Soil and the Sea</em>: The Revolutionary Act of Remembering
A Day in the Life

A Day in the Life: Cairo

24 JULY 2023 • By Sarah Eltantawi
A Day in the Life: Cairo
Beirut

“The City Within”—fiction from MK Harb

2 JULY 2023 • By MK Harb
“The City Within”—fiction from MK Harb
Cities

In Shahrazad’s Hammam—fiction by Ahmed Awadalla

2 JULY 2023 • By Ahmed Awadalla
In Shahrazad’s Hammam—fiction by Ahmed Awadalla
Arabic

Inside the Giant Fish—excerpt from Rawand Issa’s graphic novel

2 JULY 2023 • By Rawand Issa, Amy Chiniara
Inside the Giant Fish—excerpt from Rawand Issa’s graphic novel
Art

Musings on a Major Exhibition: Women Defining Women at LACMA

26 JUNE 2023 • By Philip Grant
Musings on a Major Exhibition: <em>Women Defining Women</em> at LACMA
Book Reviews

Youssef Rakha Practices Literary Deception in Emissaries

19 JUNE 2023 • By Zein El-Amine
Youssef Rakha Practices Literary Deception in <em>Emissaries</em>
Art & Photography

Newly Re-Opened, Beirut’s Sursock Museum is a Survivor

12 JUNE 2023 • By Arie Amaya-Akkermans
Newly Re-Opened, Beirut’s Sursock Museum is a Survivor
Featured Artist

Nasrin Abu Baker: The Markaz Review Featured Artist, June 2023

4 JUNE 2023 • By TMR
Nasrin Abu Baker: The Markaz Review Featured Artist, June 2023
Art & Photography

Garden of Africa: Interview with Rachid Koraïchi

4 JUNE 2023 • By Rose Issa
Garden of Africa: Interview with Rachid Koraïchi
Islam

From Pawns to Global Powers: Middle East Nations Strike Back

29 MAY 2023 • By Chas Freeman, Jr.
From Pawns to Global Powers: Middle East Nations Strike Back
Book Reviews

How Bethlehem Evolved From Jerusalem’s Sleepy Backwater to a Global Town

15 MAY 2023 • By Karim Kattan
How Bethlehem Evolved From Jerusalem’s Sleepy Backwater to a Global Town
Book Reviews

Radius Recounts a History of Sexual Assault in Tahrir Square

15 MAY 2023 • By Sally AlHaq
<em>Radius</em> Recounts a History of Sexual Assault in Tahrir Square
Beirut

Remembering the Armenian Genocide From Lebanon

17 APRIL 2023 • By Mireille Rebeiz
Remembering the Armenian Genocide From Lebanon
Beirut

War and the Absurd in Zein El-Amine’s Watermelon Stories

20 MARCH 2023 • By Rana Asfour
War and the Absurd in Zein El-Amine’s <em>Watermelon</em> Stories
Arabic

The Politics of Wishful Thinking: Deena Mohamed’s Shubeik Lubeik

13 MARCH 2023 • By Katie Logan
The Politics of Wishful Thinking: Deena Mohamed’s <em>Shubeik Lubeik</em>
Book Reviews

In Search of Fathers: Raja Shehadeh’s Palestinian Memoir

13 MARCH 2023 • By Amal Ghandour
In Search of Fathers: Raja Shehadeh’s Palestinian Memoir
Fiction

“Counter Strike”—a story by MK HARB

5 MARCH 2023 • By MK Harb
“Counter Strike”—a story by MK HARB
Fiction

“Mother Remembered”—Fiction by Samir El-Youssef

5 MARCH 2023 • By Samir El-Youssef
“Mother Remembered”—Fiction by Samir El-Youssef
Essays

More Photographs Taken From The Pocket of a Dead Arab

5 MARCH 2023 • By Saeed Taji Farouky
More Photographs Taken From The Pocket of a Dead Arab
Cities

The Odyssey That Forged a Stronger Athenian

5 MARCH 2023 • By Iason Athanasiadis
The Odyssey That Forged a Stronger Athenian
Cities

Coming of Age in a Revolution

5 MARCH 2023 • By Lushik Lotus Lee
Coming of Age in a Revolution
Cities

Nabeul, Mon Amour

5 MARCH 2023 • By Yesmine Abida
Nabeul, Mon Amour
Essays

Home Under Siege: a Palestine Photo Essay

5 MARCH 2023 • By Anam Raheem
Home Under Siege: a Palestine Photo Essay
Beirut

The Curious Case of Middle Lebanon

13 FEBRUARY 2023 • By Amal Ghandour
The Curious Case of Middle Lebanon
Beirut

Arab Women’s War Stories, Oral Histories from Lebanon

13 FEBRUARY 2023 • By Evelyne Accad
Arab Women’s War Stories, Oral Histories from Lebanon
Art

Bedazzled: Iran’s Rebel Feminists at London’s Curve Gallery

30 JANUARY 2023 • By Malu Halasa
Bedazzled: Iran’s Rebel Feminists at London’s Curve Gallery
Book Reviews

Sabyl Ghoussoub Heads for Beirut in Search of Himself

23 JANUARY 2023 • By Adil Bouhelal
Sabyl Ghoussoub Heads for Beirut in Search of Himself
Art

On Lebanon and Lamia Joreige’s “Uncertain Times”

23 JANUARY 2023 • By Arie Amaya-Akkermans
On Lebanon and Lamia Joreige’s “Uncertain Times”
Art

The Creative Resistance in Palestinian Art

26 DECEMBER 2022 • By Malu Halasa
The Creative Resistance in Palestinian Art
Fiction

Broken Glass, a short story

15 DECEMBER 2022 • By Sarah AlKahly-Mills
<em>Broken Glass</em>, a short story
Essays

Conflict and Freedom in Palestine, a Trip Down Memory Lane

15 DECEMBER 2022 • By Eman Quotah
Art

French-Algerian Artist Djamel Tatah’s Solitary Crowds

12 DECEMBER 2022 • By Laëtitia Soula
French-Algerian Artist Djamel Tatah’s Solitary Crowds
Columns

Sudden Journeys: Israel’s Intimate Separations—Part 3

5 DECEMBER 2022 • By Jenine Abboushi
Sudden Journeys: Israel’s Intimate Separations—Part 3
Book Reviews

Fida Jiryis on Palestine in Stranger in My Own Land

28 NOVEMBER 2022 • By Diana Buttu
Fida Jiryis on Palestine in <em>Stranger in My Own Land</em>
Film

The Chess Moves of Tarik Saleh’s Spy Thriller, Boy From Heaven

15 NOVEMBER 2022 • By Karim Goury
The Chess Moves of Tarik Saleh’s Spy Thriller, <em>Boy From Heaven</em>
Columns

For Electronica Artist Hadi Zeidan, Dance Clubs are Analogous to Churches

24 OCTOBER 2022 • By Melissa Chemam
For Electronica Artist Hadi Zeidan, Dance Clubs are Analogous to Churches
Book Reviews

Cassette Tapes Once Captured Egypt’s Popular Culture

10 OCTOBER 2022 • By Mariam Elnozahy
Cassette Tapes Once Captured Egypt’s Popular Culture
Columns

Sudden Journeys: Israel’s Intimate Separations—Part 1

26 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Jenine Abboushi
Sudden Journeys: Israel’s Intimate Separations—Part 1
Book Reviews

The Egyptian Revolution and “The Republic of False Truths”

26 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Aimee Dassa Kligman
The Egyptian Revolution and “The Republic of False Truths”
Centerpiece

“What Are You Doing in Berlin?”—a short story by Ahmed Awny

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Ahmed Awny, Rana Asfour
“What Are You Doing in Berlin?”—a short story by Ahmed Awny
Art & Photography

Two Women Artists Dialogue with Berlin and the Biennale

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Viola Shafik
Two Women Artists Dialogue with Berlin and the Biennale
Film

Ziad Kalthoum: Trajectory of a Syrian Filmmaker

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Viola Shafik
Ziad Kalthoum: Trajectory of a Syrian Filmmaker
Essays

Kairo Koshary, Berlin’s Egyptian Food Truck

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Mohamed Radwan
Kairo Koshary, Berlin’s Egyptian Food Truck
Art & Photography

Shirin Mohammad: Portrait of an Artist Between Berlin & Tehran

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Noushin Afzali
Shirin Mohammad: Portrait of an Artist Between Berlin & Tehran
Essays

Exile, Music, Hope & Nostalgia Among Berlin’s Arab Immigrants

15 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Diana Abbani
Exile, Music, Hope & Nostalgia Among Berlin’s Arab Immigrants
Art & Photography

16 Formidable Lebanese Photographers in an Abbey

5 SEPTEMBER 2022 • By Nada Ghosn
16 Formidable Lebanese Photographers in an Abbey
Film

Two Syrian Brothers Find Themselves in “We Are From There”

22 AUGUST 2022 • By Angélique Crux
Two Syrian Brothers Find Themselves in “We Are From There”
Columns

A Palestinian Musician Thrives in France: Yousef Zayed’s Journey

22 AUGUST 2022 • By Melissa Chemam
A Palestinian Musician Thrives in France: Yousef Zayed’s Journey
Book Reviews

Poetry as a Form of Madness—Review of a Friendship

15 JULY 2022 • By Youssef Rakha
Poetry as a Form of Madness—Review of a Friendship
Film

Lebanon in a Loop: A Retrospective of “Waves ’98”

15 JULY 2022 • By Youssef Manessa
Lebanon in a Loop: A Retrospective of “Waves ’98”
Essays

“Disappearance/Muteness”—Tales from a Life in Translation

11 JULY 2022 • By Ayelet Tsabari
“Disappearance/Muteness”—Tales from a Life in Translation
Book Reviews

Alaa Abd El-Fattah—the Revolutionary el-Sissi Fears Most?

11 JULY 2022 • By Fouad Mami
Alaa Abd El-Fattah—the Revolutionary el-Sissi Fears Most?
Book Reviews

Poems of Palestinian Motherhood, Loss, Desire and Hope

4 JULY 2022 • By Eman Quotah
Poems of Palestinian Motherhood, Loss, Desire and Hope
Columns

Why I left Lebanon and Became a Transitional Citizen

27 JUNE 2022 • By Myriam Dalal
Why I left Lebanon and Became a Transitional Citizen
Book Reviews

Traps and Shadows in Noor Naga’s Egypt Novel

20 JUNE 2022 • By Ahmed Naji
Traps and Shadows in Noor Naga’s Egypt Novel
Art & Photography

Featured Artist: Steve Sabella, Beyond Palestine

15 JUNE 2022 • By TMR
Featured Artist: Steve Sabella, Beyond Palestine
Fiction

Rabih Alameddine: “Remembering Nasser”

15 JUNE 2022 • By Rabih Alameddine
Rabih Alameddine: “Remembering Nasser”
Essays

Sulafa Zidani: “Three Buses and the Rhythm of Remembering”

15 JUNE 2022 • By Sulafa Zidani
Sulafa Zidani: “Three Buses and the Rhythm of Remembering”
Film

Saeed Taji Farouky: “Strange Cities Are Familiar”

15 JUNE 2022 • By Saeed Taji Farouky
Saeed Taji Farouky: “Strange Cities Are Familiar”
Fiction

Dima Mikhayel Matta: “This Text Is a Very Lonely Document”

15 JUNE 2022 • By Dima Mikhayel Matta
Dima Mikhayel Matta: “This Text Is a Very Lonely Document”
Art & Photography

Steve Sabella: Excerpts from “The Parachute Paradox”

15 JUNE 2022 • By Steve Sabella
Steve Sabella: Excerpts from “The Parachute Paradox”
Fiction

“The Salamander”—fiction from Sarah AlKahly-Mills

15 JUNE 2022 • By Sarah AlKahly-Mills
“The Salamander”—fiction from Sarah AlKahly-Mills
Fiction

“The Suffering Mother of the Whole World”—a story by Amany Kamal Eldin

15 JUNE 2022 • By Amany Kamal Eldin
“The Suffering Mother of the Whole World”—a story by Amany Kamal Eldin
Art & Photography

Film Review: “Memory Box” on Lebanon Merges Art & Cinema

13 JUNE 2022 • By Arie Amaya-Akkermans
Film Review: “Memory Box” on Lebanon Merges Art & Cinema
Essays

We, Palestinian Israelis

15 MAY 2022 • By Jenine Abboushi
We, Palestinian Israelis
Latest Reviews

Palestinian Filmmaker, Israeli Passport

15 MAY 2022 • By Jordan Elgrably
Palestinian Filmmaker, Israeli Passport
Book Reviews

Siena and Her Art Soothe a Writer’s Grieving Soul

25 APRIL 2022 • By Rana Asfour
Siena and Her Art Soothe a Writer’s Grieving Soul
Beirut

Fairouz is the Voice of Lebanon, Symbol of Hope in a Weary Land

25 APRIL 2022 • By Melissa Chemam
Fairouz is the Voice of Lebanon, Symbol of Hope in a Weary Land
Book Reviews

Joumana Haddad’s The Book of Queens: a Review

18 APRIL 2022 • By Laila Halaby
Joumana Haddad’s <em>The Book of Queens</em>: a Review
Columns

Ma’moul: Toward a Philosophy of Food

15 APRIL 2022 • By Fadi Kattan
Ma’moul: Toward a Philosophy of Food
Latest Reviews

Food in Palestine: Five Videos From Nasser Atta

15 APRIL 2022 • By Nasser Atta
Food in Palestine: Five Videos From Nasser Atta
Art & Photography

Ghosts of Beirut: a Review of “displaced”

11 APRIL 2022 • By Karén Jallatyan
Ghosts of Beirut: a Review of “displaced”
Book Reviews

Mohamed Metwalli’s “A Song by the Aegean Sea” Reviewed

28 MARCH 2022 • By Sherine Elbanhawy
Mohamed Metwalli’s “A Song by the Aegean Sea” Reviewed
Columns

Music in the Middle East: Bring Back Peace

21 MARCH 2022 • By Melissa Chemam
Music in the Middle East: Bring Back Peace
Poetry

Three Poems of Love and Desire by Nouri Al-Jarrah

15 MARCH 2022 • By Nouri Al-Jarrah
Three Poems of Love and Desire by Nouri Al-Jarrah
Art & Photography

Mapping an Escape from Cairo’s Hyperreality through informal Instagram archives

24 JANUARY 2022 • By Yahia Dabbous
Mapping an Escape from Cairo’s Hyperreality through informal Instagram archives
Fiction

Fiction from “Free Fall”: I fled the city as a murderer whose crime had just been uncovered

15 JANUARY 2022 • By Abeer Esber, Nouha Homad
Fiction from “Free Fall”: I fled the city as a murderer whose crime had just been uncovered
Columns

Sudden Journeys: From Munich with Love and Realpolitik

27 DECEMBER 2021 • By Jenine Abboushi
Sudden Journeys: From Munich with Love and Realpolitik
Fiction

“Turkish Delights”—fiction from Omar Foda

15 DECEMBER 2021 • By Omar Foda
“Turkish Delights”—fiction from Omar Foda
Comix

Lebanon at the Point of Drowning in Its Own…

15 DECEMBER 2021 • By Raja Abu Kasm, Rahil Mohsin
Lebanon at the Point of Drowning in Its Own…
Comix

How to Hide in Lebanon as a Western Foreigner

15 DECEMBER 2021 • By Nadiyah Abdullatif, Anam Zafar
How to Hide in Lebanon as a Western Foreigner
Beirut

Sudden Journeys: The Villa Salameh Bequest

29 NOVEMBER 2021 • By Jenine Abboushi
Sudden Journeys: The Villa Salameh Bequest
Book Reviews

From Jerusalem to a Kingdom by the Sea

29 NOVEMBER 2021 • By Rana Asfour
From Jerusalem to a Kingdom by the Sea
Music Reviews

Electronic Music in Riyadh?

22 NOVEMBER 2021 • By Melissa Chemam
Electronic Music in Riyadh?
Art

Etel Adnan’s Sun and Sea: In Remembrance

19 NOVEMBER 2021 • By Arie Amaya-Akkermans
Etel Adnan’s Sun and Sea: In Remembrance
Book Reviews

Diary of the Collapse—Charif Majdalani on Lebanon’s Trials by Fire

15 NOVEMBER 2021 • By A.J. Naddaff
<em>Diary of the Collapse</em>—Charif Majdalani on Lebanon’s Trials by Fire
Interviews

The Anguish of Being Lebanese: Interview with Author Racha Mounaged

18 OCTOBER 2021 • By A.J. Naddaff
The Anguish of Being Lebanese: Interview with Author Racha Mounaged
Book Reviews

Racha Mounaged’s Debut Novel Captures Trauma of Lebanese Civil War

18 OCTOBER 2021 • By A.J. Naddaff
Racha Mounaged’s Debut Novel Captures Trauma of Lebanese Civil War
Book Reviews

Poetry: Mohammed El-Kurd’s Rifqa Reviewed

15 OCTOBER 2021 • By India Hixon Radfar
Poetry: Mohammed El-Kurd’s <em>Rifqa</em> Reviewed
Columns

The Story of Jericho Sheikh Daoud and His Beloved Mansaf

15 OCTOBER 2021 • By Fadi Kattan
The Story of Jericho Sheikh Daoud and His Beloved Mansaf
Art & Photography

Displaced: From Beirut to Los Angeles to Beirut

15 SEPTEMBER 2021 • By Ara Oshagan
Displaced: From Beirut to Los Angeles to Beirut
Essays

The Complexity of Belonging: Reflections of a Female Copt

15 SEPTEMBER 2021 • By Nevine Abraham
The Complexity of Belonging: Reflections of a Female Copt
Latest Reviews

Shelf Life: The Irreverent Nadia Wassef

15 SEPTEMBER 2021 • By Sherine Elbanhawy
Shelf Life: The Irreverent Nadia Wassef
Weekly

Reading Egypt from the Outside In, Youssef Rakha’s “Baraa and Zaman”

24 AUGUST 2021 • By Sherifa Zuhur
Reading Egypt from the Outside In, Youssef Rakha’s “Baraa and Zaman”
Columns

Beirut Drag Queens Lead the Way for Arab LGBTQ+ Visibility

8 AUGUST 2021 • By Anonymous
Beirut Drag Queens Lead the Way for Arab LGBTQ+ Visibility
Book Reviews

Egypt Dreams of Revolution, a Review of “Slipping”

8 AUGUST 2021 • By Farah Abdessamad
Egypt Dreams of Revolution, a Review of “Slipping”
Art & Photography

Gaza’s Shababek Gallery for Contemporary Art

14 JULY 2021 • By Yara Chaalan
Gaza’s Shababek Gallery for Contemporary Art
Columns

The Semantics of Gaza, War and Truth

14 JULY 2021 • By Mischa Geracoulis
The Semantics of Gaza, War and Truth
Essays

Making a Film in Gaza

14 JULY 2021 • By Elana Golden
Making a Film in Gaza
Essays

Gaza IS Palestine

14 JULY 2021 • By Jenine Abboushi
Gaza IS Palestine
Interviews

Q & A with Nili Belkind on “Music in Conflict” in Palestine-Israel

27 JUNE 2021 • By Mark LeVine
Q & A with Nili Belkind on “Music in Conflict” in Palestine-Israel
Columns

Lebanon’s Wasta Has Contributed to the Country’s Collapse

14 JUNE 2021 • By Samir El-Youssef
Lebanon’s Wasta Has Contributed to the Country’s Collapse
Columns

Lebanese Oppose Corruption with a Game of Wasta

14 JUNE 2021 • By Victoria Schneider
Lebanese Oppose Corruption with a Game of Wasta
Weekly

War Diary: The End of Innocence

23 MAY 2021 • By Arie Amaya-Akkermans
War Diary: The End of Innocence
Weekly

Midnight in Cairo: The Divas of Egypt’s Roaring 20s

16 MAY 2021 • By Selma Dabbagh
Midnight in Cairo: The Divas of Egypt’s Roaring 20s
Art

Beautiful/Ugly: Against Aestheticizing Israel’s Separation Wall

14 MAY 2021 • By Malu Halasa
Weekly

Beirut Brings a Fragmented Family Together in “The Arsonists’ City”

9 MAY 2021 • By Rana Asfour
Weekly

In Search of Knowledge, Mazid Travels to Baghdad, Jerusalem, Cairo, Granada and Córdoba

2 MAY 2021 • By Eman Quotah
In Search of Knowledge, Mazid Travels to Baghdad, Jerusalem, Cairo, Granada and Córdoba
Columns

Memory and the Assassination of Lokman Slim

14 MARCH 2021 • By Claire Launchbury
Memory and the Assassination of Lokman Slim
TMR 7 • Truth?

Poetry Against the State

14 MARCH 2021 • By Gil Anidjar
Poetry Against the State
Weekly

Hanane Hajj Ali, Portrait of a Theatrical Trailblazer

14 FEBRUARY 2021 • By Nada Ghosn
Hanane Hajj Ali, Portrait of a Theatrical Trailblazer
TMR 6 • Revolutions

Revolution in Art, a review of “Reflections” at the British Museum

14 FEBRUARY 2021 • By Malu Halasa
Revolution in Art, a review of “Reflections” at the British Museum
Weekly

Cairo 1941: Excerpt from “A Land Like You”

27 DECEMBER 2020 • By TMR
Cairo 1941: Excerpt from “A Land Like You”
TMR 3 • Racism & Identity

Find the Others: on Becoming an Arab Writer in English

15 NOVEMBER 2020 • By Rewa Zeinati
Centerpiece

The Road to Jerusalem, Then and Now

15 NOVEMBER 2020 • By Raja Shehadeh
The Road to Jerusalem, Then and Now
TMR 3 • Racism & Identity

I am the Hyphen

15 NOVEMBER 2020 • By Sarah AlKahly-Mills
I am the Hyphen
Book Reviews

Falastin, Sami Tamimi’s “Palestinian Modern”

15 OCTOBER 2020 • By N.A. Mansour
Falastin, Sami Tamimi’s “Palestinian Modern”
Book Reviews

Egypt—Abandoned but not Forgotten

4 OCTOBER 2020 • By Ella Shohat
Egypt—Abandoned but not Forgotten
World Picks

World Art, Music & Zoom Beat the Pandemic Blues

28 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Malu Halasa
World Art, Music & Zoom Beat the Pandemic Blues
Beirut

Wajdi Mouawad, Just the Playwright for Our Dystopian World

15 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Melissa Chemam
Wajdi Mouawad, Just the Playwright for Our Dystopian World
Art

Beirut Comix Tell the Story

15 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Lina Ghaibeh & George Khoury
Beirut Comix Tell the Story
Editorial

Beirut, Beirut

15 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Jordan Elgrably
Beirut

It’s Time for a Public Forum on Lebanon

15 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Wajdi Mouawad
It’s Time for a Public Forum on Lebanon
Beirut

Salvaging the shipwreck of humanity in Amin Maalouf’s Adrift

15 SEPTEMBER 2020 • By Sarah AlKahly-Mills
Salvaging the shipwreck of humanity in Amin Maalouf’s <em>Adrift</em>

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