{"id":33223,"date":"2024-05-24T06:41:32","date_gmt":"2024-05-24T04:41:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldsite\/?p=33223"},"modified":"2024-05-24T06:41:32","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T04:41:32","slug":"a-small-kernel-of-human-kindness-some-notes-on-solidarity-and-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldsite\/a-small-kernel-of-human-kindness-some-notes-on-solidarity-and-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"A Small Kernel of Human Kindness: Some Notes on Solidarity and Resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perhaps refusing to &#8220;get used to it&#8221; is the secret to maintaining our humanity; perhaps not hardening our hearts against others is a daily discipline.\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nancy Kricorian<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1962, not long after the typescript of his novel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Life and Fate<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> had been confiscated \u2014 or as he described it to friends \u201carrested\u201d \u2014 by the KGB, Soviet Jewish writer Vasily Grossman traveled to Armenia to work on a translation of an Armenian World War II novel. During the two months that he was there, he wrote a brief, beautiful, and compassionate memoir that was entitled <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Armenian Sketchbook<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in its recent English translation. Grossman was charmed by Armenia and the Armenian people, their churches, their villages, and their folk traditions. At the end of the memoir, he described how he was moved by the warmth and sympathy he was shown at a village wedding:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Never in my life have I bowed to the ground; I have never prostrated myself before anyone. Now, however, I bow to the ground before the Armenian peasants who, during the merriment of a village wedding, spoke publicly about the agony of the Jewish nation under Hitler, about the death camps where Nazis murdered Jewish women and children. I bow to everyone who, sadly, silently, and solemnly, listened to these speeches.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (p. 113)<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33236\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33236\" style=\"width: 425px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Life-Fate-Review-Books-Classics\/dp\/1590172019\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33236\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/life-and-fate-new-york-review-classics.jpg\" alt=\"Life and Fate by Vasily Grossman\" width=\"425\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/life-and-fate-new-york-review-classics.jpg 500w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/life-and-fate-new-york-review-classics-188x300.jpg 188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33236\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Life-Fate-Review-Books-Classics\/dp\/1590172019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Life and Fate<\/em><\/a> is published by New York Review Books.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These Armenians, who had suffered a devastating campaign of mass deportation and slaughter, planned and implemented by the Young Turk government in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire, saw in the fate of Europe\u2019s Jews during World War II terrible echoes of their own story of genocide and dispossession. And Grossman saw in their empathy and identification an antidote to the anti-Jewish prejudice and hatred that circulated among Russian nationalists.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Grossman\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Life and Fate<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, his magisterial novel that was finally published in the West in 1980 and in the Soviet Union in 1988 many years after its author\u2019s death, he wrote, &#8220;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human history is not the battle of good struggling to overcome evil. It is a battle fought by a great evil, struggling to crush a small kernel of human kindness.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For me, protecting this small kernel of human kindness is a lifelong struggle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The novelist Kurt Vonnegut wrote in 2005, soon after Susan Sontag\u2019s death, that when she had been asked in a television interview what lessons she had gleaned from the Holocaust, Sontag had responded, \u201c10 percent of any population is cruel, no matter what, and 10 percent is merciful, no matter what, and the remaining 80 percent can be moved in either direction.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Propaganda, lies, and a concerted campaign of dehumanization by government leaders, political parties, demagogues, media outlets, and educational and religious institutions can result in a sort of group hysteria that promotes violence against people who are not like us, who are not our own, and who come to be regarded as less than human. It can even turn us against our own, making pariahs of those who had only recently been considered part of our tribe. This ability to countenance and perpetrate cruelty and mass violence is all too human, as a reading of any history book will attest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We can be convinced that installing a floating barrier of razor wire in the Rio Grande River to deter people from crossing from Mexico into the United States is reasonable immigration policy. We can be convinced that bombing, starving, and immiserating a trapped civilian population, including hundreds of thousands of infants and children, is a form of self-defense. We can be persuaded to believe that an ancient Armenian monastery was built by Albanian Christians and that those crafty and shiftless Armenians managed to add their inscriptions at a later date. These Armenian letters must certainly be sandblasted off the walls of the monastery so this abuse of history can be righted.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the logic of Sontag\u2019s formulation, most of us are within the 80 percent who can be propelled one way or the other. There might be a few who have evil in their hearts, and a handful whose goodness can always be trusted. But the rest of us will be challenged again and again, as we are being challenged mightily at this highly contested moment.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When I was a child, my Armenian genocide survivor grandmother often sang an old hymn called \u201cThis Little Light of Mine.\u201d This song of unknown provenance that first started circulating in the 1920s was repurposed as an anthem of resistance during the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. My grandmother sang it slightly off key in her Armenian accent, clapping her hands in time. The words to the chorus go like this:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This little light of mine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m gonna to let it shine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This little light of mine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m gonna to let it shine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This little light of mine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m gonna to let it shine,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let it shine, let it shine, let it shine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The verse that has stayed with me all these years, asks, \u201cHide it under a bushel, no, I\u2019m gonna to let it shine.\u201d What good would this light be under an overturned wooden bucket, hidden from sight, snuffed out by lack of air? For me, this little light is akin to Grossman\u2019s small kernel of human kindness \u2014 it needs to be kindled and protected in dark times. And when I think of Sontag\u2019s merciful 10 percent, I imagine these people are carriers of this light. They are fueled not only by compassion, but also by stubbornness. Who else but the oppositional will refuse to accede to the propaganda and received ideas that circulate around us in the air that we breathe?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stubborn soul that I am, I would hope to find myself among the merciful, but then another childhood memory surfaces. On our block on Lincoln Street in Watertown, there were twelve houses and seven Armenian families. When I was about eight, a group of mostly Armenian girls led by an eleven-year-old decided that we should shun our new neighbor Anahid, a girl whose family had recently relocated from Beirut. Anahid wore her hair pulled up into an unattractive fountain on her head, her clothes were decidedly unfashionable, and apparently shunning was not severe enough a punishment. The ringleader of our group, also named Nancy, marched us to Anahid\u2019s house, lined us up by height on the sidewalk in front of it, and led us in singing a version of a popular number from the musical <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bye, Bye Birdie<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We chorused, \u201cWe hate you Anahid, oh yes we do, we don\u2019t hate anyone as much as you\u2026\u201d Anahid stared at us from inside her front door, and when her mother appeared at her side, Nancy instructed us to switch to \u201cWe love you Anahid,\u201d convincing exactly no one. I felt a bone deep shame when I saw the hurt on Anahid\u2019s face and the dismay on her mother\u2019s. I still feel a deep sense of shame thinking of that moment when I did something I knew was wrong simply because I wanted to be part of the group. This memory serves me as a kind of talisman when I am faced with taking an unpopular position or when I must make a choice about who I am going to stand alongside. And I know, that under the right circumstances, or perhaps the wrong circumstances, I might again be swayed to join the ruthless.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2010, I participated in the Palestine Festival of Literature. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PalFest, which was founded in 2008, brings international writers to Palestine for a series of literary and cultural events with their Palestinian counterparts. Because of restrictions on the movement of Palestinians, PalFest is a road show that has visited major educational and cultural institutions throughout the West Bank, Jerusalem, within the borders of 1948 Israel, and one year in Gaza when that was briefly possible. In 2010, our group traveled to East Jerusalem, Ramallah, Bethlehem, Nablus, and Hebron, using potholed Palestinian roads, going through dystopian checkpoints, and being given a reality tour of the occupation in the hopes that we would write about what we had seen when we returned home.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One evening Geoff Dyer, Adam Foulds, Mahmoud Shuqair, May Jayussi, and I spoke in the garden of the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center in Ramallah. Weeks earlier, I had selected an excerpt from my first novel, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zabelle<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a fictionalized account of my grandmother\u2019s experience as a genocide survivor, to read that night. It was a part of a chapter about young Zabelle being driven with her family from their home in Hadjin, forced to make a long trek that ended in the Syrian desert. After the deaths of her parents and siblings, Zabelle found herself an orphan among 8,000 other orphans in a tent camp outside Ras al Ain. This story of dispossession and suffering, details of which had been lived by my own grandmother, carried an even deeper resonance that evening in Ramallah. I was still jetlagged, exhausted by our long days, and overwhelmed by what we had seen in Hebron that morning, so as I read, I struggled to hold back tears.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At a dinner after the event, I was approached by New York Times journalist Ethan Bronner, who wanted to chat about my emotional reading. When I told him that I was horrified by what I had seen so far in the West Bank, he asked me exactly what had upset me. I mentioned the rabid settlers in Hebron who threw trash and feces from above on the Palestinians below, and the nightmarish \u201cLambs to the Slaughter\u201d checkpoint in Bethlehem, both of which seemed among the worst scenes the occupation had to offer. He commented dryly, \u201cYou get used to it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perhaps not getting used to it is the secret to remaining humane. Perhaps refusing to harden our hearts against others is a daily discipline.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>The world is wide, but what use is it if my heart is narrow?<br \/>\n\u2014Armenian proverb\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a scene from my forthcoming novel <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Burning Heart of the World<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, about Armenians in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War, ten-year-old Vera Serinossian, looks on with her family as a driver in the car ahead of them is pulled from his vehicle, beaten, and dragged away by Lebanese militiamen. In response to Vera\u2019s sobs, her mother says, \u201cStop it, you don\u2019t know that man, and you can\u2019t cry for the whole world.\u201d Vera says nothing, but thinks to herself that it is indeed possible to cry for the whole world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the limits of human awareness and compassion, it is perhaps more accurate to say that it is possible to care about and grieve for distant places and foreign people that you have made your own across bridges of learning and experience. Empathy is a humane trait, but empathy alone is not enough in the face of systems of oppression that relegate some people to suffering and premature death, those who are sacrificed to the gods of war and profit, those whose labor, lands, and resources are coveted and stolen. Empathy must be equipped with knowledge and forged into collective action. And we must gird ourselves against the human impulse to follow the crowd, lest we find ourselves standing on the sidewalk in front of Anahid\u2019s house chorusing a hateful song.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Notes:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vassily Grossman, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Armenian Sketchbook<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, New York Review of Books, 2013.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sontag quotation is in this article by Kurt Vonnegut: \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/inthesetimes.com\/article\/susan-sontag-and-arthur-miller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Susan Sontag and Arthur Miller<\/a>.\u201d<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 14px;\">Ethan Bronner&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/05\/07\/world\/middleeast\/07jerusalem.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">piece<\/a> in The New York Times.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Empathy requires knowledge and collective action to avoid blindly following the crowds, writes Nancy Kricorian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":569,"featured_media":33238,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,51],"tags":[267,268,1288,3583,1464],"coauthors":[3582],"class_list":["post-33223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essay","category-tmr-weekly","tag-armenia","tag-armenian","tag-palestine","tag-personal-narrative","tag-resistance","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.8 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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