{"id":26400,"date":"2023-05-22T09:45:37","date_gmt":"2023-05-22T07:45:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/?p=26400"},"modified":"2023-05-22T09:45:37","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T07:45:37","slug":"and-yet-our-brothers-portraits-of-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/and-yet-our-brothers-portraits-of-france\/","title":{"rendered":"And Yet Our Brothers: Portraits of France"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>The traveling exhibition <em><a href=\"https:\/\/expoportraitsdefrance.fr\/\">Portraits of France<\/a><\/em> puts the role of immigrants from all over the world at the center of French history. An overview of an essential historical approach.<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>La\u00ebtitia Soula<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>318 names, portraits, faces, regards. They follow one another throughout the panels and have one thing in common: these people of immigrant origin have left their mark on French history.<\/p>\n<p>At a time when the extreme right won more than 13 million votes in the second round of last year\u2019s presidential elections, crossing paths with these <em><u>Portraits of France<\/u><\/em> is invigorating for the soul. They serve as a reminder that post-war France has yet to elect an extreme rightwing candidate to the Elys\u00e9es, though that has been a specter ever since Jean-Marie Le Pen brought the Front National party into the national French consciousness. These portraits of immigrants reveal an essential truth about ourselves, which is many of us are the sons and daughters of migrants and nomads, with roots here and there.<\/p>\n<p>The world has never truly been isolationist; crossing borders from one place to the next is in our DNA.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-51dc941130b83c31d275178a4b79b23f ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:550px; max-height:550px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" title=\"L&#039;exposition &quot;Portraits de France&quot; redonne vie \u00e0 des h\u00e9ros oubli\u00e9s de l&#039;Histoire de France\" width=\"600\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jMUbUeULtBM?feature=oembed&color=red&rel=0&controls=1&start=&end=&fs=0&iv_load_policy=0&autoplay=0&mute=0&modestbranding=0&cc_load_policy=1&playsinline=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nNational narrative and collective memory<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As a country of human rights, a land of asylum for refugees, and a socialist state when it comes to education and healthcare, France is known for its defense of freedom. For this reason, it is incumbent upon us to recall the contribution of the nation\u2019s immigrant populations, who tend to be left out of the official narrative.<\/p>\n<p>Conceived by the National Museum of Natural History and the <u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.achac.com\/\">Achac research group<\/a><\/u>, <em>Portraits of France<\/em> began its tour at the Mus\u00e9e de l&#8217;Homme in Paris in 2021-2022, passing through Clichy-sous-Bois and Reims, before reaching the site of La Grave in Toulouse in 2023, then Is\u00e8re. It continues to tour.<\/p>\n<p>The initiative, backed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologie.gouv.fr\/portraits-france\">Macron\u2019s administration<\/a>, aims to present strong stories, exemplary careers and courageous commitments, giving pride of place to the immigrants the exhibition features so that they become part of our collective memory.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Journey of life<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Working on colonial and post-colonial representations, discourses and imaginaries, as well as on migratory flows, the researchers of the Achac group have been able to restore the substance of these life paths. We travel from the French Revolution to the Belle Epoque, from the Great War to the Roaring Twenties, from the Second World War to the end of the colonial empire, from black and white France to the 21st century, encountering the challenges and issues of each of these periods.<\/p>\n<p>The migratory stories continue throughout history, like a national chronicle open to the reality of the world. The commitment is intellectual, cultural, artistic, political, union, military or associative. The duty of memory urges exhibition viewers to recognize the work of these women and men from elsewhere, whose portraits tell us about their genius and their struggles.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-26400 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Alfred-Nakache-after-the-war.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Alfred-Nakache-after-the-war-188x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Alfred-Nakache-after-the-war-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Alfred-Nakache-after-the-war.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26413'>\n\t\t\t\tOlympic swimming champion and Auschwitz survivor Alfred Nakache, after the war.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-scaled.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-229x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-scaled-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-768x1005.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-1174x1536.jpg 1174w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-1565x2048.jpg 1565w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-1568x2052.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-1320x1727.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chocolat-scaled.jpg 1957w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26405'>\n\t\t\t\tCuban pantomime actor Rafael Padilla (1867-1917), known by his artist name Chocolat, who was born a slave and ended his life in misery.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Affiche_Chocolat_2016.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"221\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Affiche_Chocolat_2016-221x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Affiche_Chocolat_2016-221x300.jpg 221w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Affiche_Chocolat_2016.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 221px) 100vw, 221px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26412'>\n\t\t\t\tThe movie version with Padilla played by Omar Sy.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-225x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-1568x2090.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france-1320x1760.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Warda_El_Djazairia-portraits-of-france.jpg 1888w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26410'>\n\t\t\t\tSinger Warda El Djazairia, the &#8220;Algerian rose.&#8221;\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Samira-Bellil_Dans-lenfer-des-tournantes.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Samira-Bellil_Dans-lenfer-des-tournantes-181x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Samira-Bellil_Dans-lenfer-des-tournantes-181x300.jpg 181w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Samira-Bellil_Dans-lenfer-des-tournantes.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 181px) 100vw, 181px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26409'>\n\t\t\t\tFeminist author Samira Bellil (1972-2004), who denounced rape in her book &#8220;Dans l&#8217;enfer des tournantes.&#8221; \n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france-230x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france-600x782.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france-786x1024.jpg 786w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/slimane-azem-portraits-de-france.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26407'>\n\t\t\t\tSlimane Azem (1918-1983), who sang of exile and love for his country Algeria.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia-230x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia-600x783.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia-784x1024.jpg 784w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia-768x1003.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/habib-benglia.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26406'>\n\t\t\t\tActor Habib Benglia, born in Algeria, was the first black actor on the French stage.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi-230x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26404\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi-600x782.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi-786x1024.jpg 786w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi-768x1001.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/gisele-halimi.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26404'>\n\t\t\t\tLawyer Gis\u00e8le Halimi (1927-2020), born in Tunisia, supported the nationalist militants of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN).\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi-230x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi-600x783.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi-784x1024.jpg 784w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi-768x1003.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/ahmed-boughera-el-ouafi.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26403'>\n\t\t\t\tAhmed Boughera El Ouafi (1898-1959), athlete and worker champion of the marathon of the Olympic Games.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"217\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas-217x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas-217x300.jpg 217w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas-600x831.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas-740x1024.jpg 740w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas-768x1063.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/rachid-taha-Rachid-Taha-1958-2018-porte-voix-de-la-lutte-antiraciste-ici-en-2004-photo-Richard-Dumas.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 217px) 100vw, 217px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26402'>\n\t\t\t\tFranco-Algerian singer Rachid Taha (1958-2018) in a photo by Richard Dumas.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter-229x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter-600x785.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter-783x1024.jpg 783w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter-768x1004.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Missak-Manouchian_armenian-resistance-fighter.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26408'>\n\t\t\t\tArmenian Resistance fighter Missak Manouchian (1906-1944), a worker and poet who was handed over to the Germans by the French police and shot along with his comrades featured on the Red Poster.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"189\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944-189x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-26401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944-600x955.jpg 600w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944-644x1024.jpg 644w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944-768x1222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Laffiche-rouge_1944.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 189px) 100vw, 189px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<figcaption class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-26401'>\n\t\t\t\tThe infamous &#8220;affiche rouge&#8221; or red poster featured a number of immigrants to France who were wanted by the Nazis.\n\t\t\t\t<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Famous, infamous and forgotten names<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among the political women to remember is the Franco-Peruvian Flora Tristan (1803-1844), a figure of social struggle, creator of the newspaper L&#8217;Union Ouvri\u00e8re, one of the mothers of modern feminism. Committed to socialist ideas and against slavery, she wrote a manifesto on &#8220;The need to welcome foreign women,&#8221; and she decided to flee domestic violence, escaping an assassination attempt by her former spouse, and campaigned for the legalization of divorce.<\/p>\n<p>Belgian politician Anne-Jos\u00e8phe Th\u00e9roigne de M\u00e9ricourt (1762-1817), the only woman in the galleries of the French Assembly during the Revolution in 1789, advocated for the expansion of civil rights. She campaigned for the abolition of slavery, for the right of women to bear arms and to run for office.<\/p>\n<p>Household names include the Polish physicist and chemist Marie Curie (1867-1934), the Romanian writer Tristan Tzara (1896-1963), and the Greek singer, actress and politician Melina Mercouri (1920-1994). The actor Louis de Fun\u00e8s (1914-1983) came from a family of Spanish immigrants, and the painter Pablo Picasso was refused French nationality in 1940.<\/p>\n<p>Austria gave us the actress Romy Schneider (1938-1982) and Italy, the actor and singer Yves Montand (1921-1991), whose real name was Ivo Livi; the writer and cartoonist Fran\u00e7ois Cavanna (1923-2014) and the actor and singer Serge Reggiani (1922-2004).<\/p>\n<p>Born in Argentina, the novelist Joseph Kessel was stateless before obtaining French citizenship. Charles Aznavour (1924-2018), for his part, was born on the road, in exile, to his stateless Armenian parents, who were fleeing the genocide. Born in Tunisia, cartoonist Georges Wolinski (1934-2015), who had a Polish father and a Franco-Italian mother, made his mark on the French press before he was murdered by Islamist terrorists in the 2015 Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The dark hours<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some of these stalwarts have built the history of the country in spite of the egregious treatment of a France mired in its dark hours (slavery, wars, colonization, extremism, racism, xenophobia). One thinks of the Senegalese Jean-Baptiste Belley (1750-1805), sold as a slave and forcibly enlisted in the French army: a militant for the abolition of slavery, a little-known figure of the French Revolution, he became the first black deputy in French history.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-e916ef179f6ae4d9e9fc58135f4803f6 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:550px; max-height:550px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" title=\"Chocolat - Le Clown n\u00e8gre - Films Lumiere\" width=\"600\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XjHZ_z23BZY?feature=oembed&color=red&rel=0&controls=1&start=&end=&fs=0&iv_load_policy=0&autoplay=0&mute=0&modestbranding=0&cc_load_policy=1&playsinline=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>One thinks of the Cuban pantomime actor Rafael Padilla (1867-1917), known by his artist name Chocolat, who was born a slave and ended his life in misery.<\/p>\n<p>There is also the Tunisian human rights activist Sa\u00efd Bouziri (1947-2009), who participated in the founding of the Arab Workers Movement. Targeted by the Marcellin-Fontanet circular and an expulsion order because of his activism, he had to go on hunger strike to assert his rights to the French authorities.<\/p>\n<p>One thinks of the fate of the Harkis, the massacre of Italians in Aigues-Mortes in 1893, the Spanish refugees fleeing Franco&#8217;s regime at the end of the 1930s, parked in concentration camps, the massacre of Algerians in Paris in October 1961 and the repression in the Charonne metro station in 1962.<\/p>\n<p>One thinks of the swimming champion Alfred Nakache (1915-1983), born in Algeria, victim of the anti-Semitic laws of Vichy. He swam in the 1936 Olympics in Berlin with the French swim team. In the early \u201840s, he was dismissed from his teaching job and stripped of his French citizenship, excluded from swimming competitions because he was Jewish.<\/p>\n<p>Nakache was deported to Auschwitz in 1944 where his wife and two-year-old daughter died. He continued to swim at the concentration camp where he became known as the \u201cswimmer of Auschwitz.\u201d Freed in 1945, he returned to the south of France debilitated from deportation, yet rebuilt himself and began competing again. Renowned for his courage and resilience, Alfred Nakache was inducted into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ishof.org\/\">International Swimming Hall of Fame<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>From Algeria<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among these portraits of France, we find the politician Messali Hadj (1898-1974), a figure of Algerian independence, the writer Mouloud Feraoun (1913-1962) murdered by the OAS in Algiers, and Slimane Azem (1918-1983), who sang of exile and love for Algeria. The exhibition includes Franco-Algerian rocker Rachid Taha (1958-2018) of the group Carte de S\u00e9jour, who in 1986 gave an Arab accent to Charles Trenet&#8217;s &#8220;Douce France.&#8221; An adept of fusion, mixing rock, punk, ra\u00ef or cha\u00e2bi, he denounced in his songs xenophobia, hatred of the foreigner. His legacy is the Algerian-French singer-songwriter <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkaz.org\/oldmarkaz\/the-artist-at-work-a-conversation-with-souad-massi\/\">Souad Massi<\/a>, who continues to write and sing in Arabic, French and Amazigh, enchanting fans worldwide.<\/p>\n<p>A friend of Pierre Bourdieu, the sociologist Abdelmalek Sayad (1933-1998), nicknamed &#8220;the Socrates of Algeria,&#8221; gave a human perspective on the history of migration. As for Ahmed Boughera El Ouafi (1898-1959), athlete and worker champion of the marathon of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam in 1928 under the colors of France, he would be forgotten by history and ended his life in misery.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-7d43166ed9f515a37e0a6b987b458be5 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:550px; max-height:550px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" title=\"CHEIKHA RIMITTI - NOUAR\" width=\"600\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pCPB6WD87Yw?feature=oembed&color=red&rel=0&controls=1&start=&end=&fs=0&iv_load_policy=0&autoplay=0&mute=0&modestbranding=0&cc_load_policy=1&playsinline=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Among the artists and intellectuals from Algeria, we should mention the musician and singer Cheikha Remitti (1923-2006), revered as the queen of ra\u00ef, who provoked the puritans by tackling themes such as love, alcohol, carnal pleasure, freedom or feminism.<\/p>\n<p>Novelist Assia Djebar (1936-2015), pen name of Fatima-Zohra Imalhay\u00e8ne, was the first Algerian woman to enter the French Academy. Appointed Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters, she claimed to write &#8220;with a sense of urgency against regression and misogyny,&#8221; illustrating the lives of emancipated heroines.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-8efb7908550fd05a0ffeff0acde3f823 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:550px; max-height:550px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" title=\"Warda - Harramt Ahebak (1993) (Full Album)\" width=\"600\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zsSR22T2Fnk?feature=oembed&color=red&rel=0&controls=1&start=&end=&fs=0&iv_load_policy=0&autoplay=0&mute=0&modestbranding=0&cc_load_policy=1&playsinline=1\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As for the diva of Arabic song Ouarda Ftouki (1939-2012), nicknamed Warda al-Djaza\u00efria and called &#8220;the Algerian rose,&#8221; she married a man who forbade her to sing. Known in particular for her patriotic songs, she would sing again after her divorce. She was quoted as saying, \u201cIt\u2019s in Paris that I learned to love my country, which is Algeria, and Egypt, and to love music.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The exhibition puts us in mind of so many women who were confronted with violence, like Samira Bellil (1972-2004), victim of misogynistic criminals, who upset public opinion in 2002 when she denounced gang rapes in her book <em>Dans l&#8217;enfer des tournantes<\/em> (In the Hell of Rotations), a book in which she paid homage to the neuropsychiatrist Boris Cyrulnik, who was marked as a child by the deportation of his parents, immigrants from Ukraine and Poland.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Moudjahida<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A famous lawyer, Gis\u00e8le Halimi (1927-2020), born in Tunisia, is known for having supported the nationalist militants of the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) against the French army. Dreaming of changing the relationship between women and men, she notably defended the moudjahida Djamila Boupacha. Halimi also signed the manifesto of the 343 to obtain the legalization of abortion, and won the Bobigny trial with the release of a young girl charged with having had a clandestine abortion after being raped.<\/p>\n<p>Gis\u00e8le Halimi, born Zeiza Ta\u00efeb, defended the oppressed. Her specialty? Conducting media trials to move public opinion and obtain major advances in legislation.<\/p>\n<p>In song, Dalida (1933-1987), from Egypt, evoked migration and travel in the song &#8220;Salma Ya Salama&#8221; and in &#8220;Les Gitans,&#8221; a ballad about wanderers who have no borders; she celebrated the children of Piraeus and the dance of Zorba. Shortly before she committed suicide, she was in the film <em>The Sixth Day<\/em> by the Egyptian director Youssef Chahine, adapted from the novel by the French writer of Syrian-Lebanese origin Andr\u00e9e Chedid.<\/p>\n<p>The exhibition also transports us to Senegal, with the boxer Amadou M&#8217;barick Fall (1897-1925), known as Battling Siki and the poet, writer and politician L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor (1906-2001) who developed the concept of <em>negritude<\/em> of Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire (1913-2008), writer and politician from Martinique who was inducted into the Pantheon in 2011.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;Paris, my home&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Among the personalities from the United States, you\u2019ll find the dancers Lo\u00efe Fuller (1862-1928), known for her serpentine dance; Isadora Duncan (1877-1927); and Josephine Baker (1906-1975), who became a Resistance fighter in the 1940s, later decorated with the Legion of Honor. Baker was committed to Martin Luther King, Jr\u2019s fight for civil rights, and became the first black woman inducted into the Pantheon in 2021.<\/p>\n<p>There are also the photographers Man Ray (1890-1976) and Berenice Abbott (1998-1991), and the poet and writer Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) who said: &#8220;America is my country and Paris my home.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Immigration, integration, identity issues, quarrels of memory: the exhibition brings out the shocks of history, tragic, glorious or fraternal, and the opening to the world.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, there have been calls for the Armenian Resistance fighter Missak Manouchian (1906-1944), a worker and poet who was handed over to the Germans by the French police and shot along with his comrades featured on the Affiche Rouge (Red Poster), to be included in the Pantheon. Sad consolation, as well as this Medal of the French Resistance awarded posthumously in 1947.<\/p>\n<p>Sadness written under the pen of the poet Louis Aragon in 1955, who in his &#8220;Strophes pour se souvenir,&#8221; pays tribute to &#8220;23 strangers and yet our brothers.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La\u00ebtitia Soula toured the expansive photo exhibit <em>Portraits of France<\/em>, which celebrates the lives of 318 immigrants who paid it 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